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Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): Volume 5, Issue 3, Year 2025

Articles

Effects of Pinus pinaster and Yohimbine Supplementation on Kinanthropometric and Cardiovascular Parameters in Physically Active Men: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Luiz Eduardo Dias Diniz
Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (PPGNUT), Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS. Brazil.
Gabriel Alan Luvizon Coelho de Souza
Olympic Studies Research Group (GPEO), School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Luiza Carvalho Ferreira
Olympic Studies Research Group (GPEO), School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Adriele Gouvêa Lucas
Olympic Studies Research Group (GPEO), School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Maria Eduarda Pinto Bonugli
Olympic Studies Research Group (GPEO), School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Giuseppe Potrick Stefani
Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences (PPGNUT), Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS. Brazil.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.34256/ijk2539

Published 20-12-2025

Keywords

  • Kinanthropometry,
  • Body Composition,
  • Pinus pinaster,
  • Yohimbine,
  • Cardiovascular Safety,
  • Ergogenic Aids
    • ...More
    Less

How to Cite

Dias Diniz, L. E., Alan Luvizon Coelho de Souza, G., Carvalho Ferreira, L., Gouvêa Lucas, A., Pinto Bonugli, M. E., & Potrick Stefani, G. (2025). Effects of Pinus pinaster and Yohimbine Supplementation on Kinanthropometric and Cardiovascular Parameters in Physically Active Men: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. International Journal of Kinanthropometry, 5(3), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.34256/ijk2539

Copyright (c) 2025 Luiz Eduardo Dias Diniz, Gabriel Alan Luvizon Coelho de Souza, Luiza Carvalho Ferreira, Adriele Gouvêa Lucas, Maria Eduarda Pinto Bonugli, Giuseppe Potrick Stefani

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Abstract

Introduction: The use of ergogenic aids to improve body composition and performance is widespread, yet comprehensive studies evaluating their effects on a wide range of kinanthropometric and physiological parameters are scarce. Pinus pinaster and yohimbine are two supplements with purported benefits, but their combined and isolated effects require further investigation. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of 14-day supplementation with Pinus pinaster, yohimbine, or their combination on kinanthropometric profiles and cardiovascular responses to maximal exercise in physically active men. Methods: Forty physically active men (age 18-45 years) were randomized into four groups (n=9 each): placebo (PLA), Pinus pinaster 150 mg/day (PIN), yohimbine 5 mg/day (YOH), and Pinus+yohimbine 150mg/day + 5mg/day (PIN+YOH). A comprehensive battery of tests was conducted pre- and post-intervention, including: (1) Kinanthropometry (body composition, somatotype, skinfolds); (2) Cardiovascular responses (blood pressure, heart rate) at rest, exercise onset, peak exercise, and recovery. One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare groups. Results: After 14 days, no statistically significant differences were observed between the four groups for any kinanthropometric and cardiovascular variables (all p > 0.05). All groups demonstrated expected physiological responses to maximal exercise, with significant increases in heart rate and blood pressure, followed by appropriate recovery. No adverse cardiovascular events were noted. Conclusion: Short-term supplementation with Pinus pinaster, yohimbine, or their combination did not significantly alter kinanthropometric, or cardiovascular parameters compared to placebo in this cohort of physically active men. The supplements were well-tolerated and appeared safe from a cardiovascular standpoint during maximal exercise. The trial was prospectively registered with the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), registration number RBR-3rxr4bj.

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References

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