Physical Characterstics of Junior Athletes in India Across Training Phase and Sports
Publicado 15-04-2025
Palabras clave
- Atletas júnior,
- Características físicas,
- Composición corporal,
- % de grasa
Cómo citar
Derechos de autor 2025 Keren Harish Tiwari, Venkata Ramana Yagnambhatt

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Dimensions
Resumen
Introducción: Los atletas adolescentes se encuentran en una edad crucial, requiriendo energía para entrenar, además del crecimiento, y los atletas jóvenes necesitan mantener un balance energético positivo. Los cambios en las características físicas, particularmente en la composición corporal, también son parte de la fase de crecimiento y pueden reflejarse en el balance energético. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender las características físicas de los atletas juveniles en las diferentes fases de entrenamiento. Métodos: En este estudio longitudinal, 79 atletas juveniles (Atletismo: Niños=19, Niñas=17; Fútbol: Niños=13, Niñas=16; Halterofilia: Niños=9, Niñas=5 en fase de descanso de PC y el tamaño de la muestra varía según las fases) de 10 a 17 años fueron reclutados de una Escuela Estatal de Deportes, con la mayoría participando a nivel nacional y entrenando durante un mínimo de 24 horas por semana durante un período mínimo de 3 años. Las características físicas, incluyendo circunferencias y composición corporal (usando la suma de 4 pliegues cutáneos) se evaluaron a través del descanso postcompetitivo (PC-descanso, enero), preparatoria (PP, julio) y fase de competencia (CP, diciembre) en un año calendario. Las diferencias en las características físicas a través de las fases de entrenamiento dentro de los deportes se evaluaron usando el ANOVA de método mixto y a través de eventos usando ANOVA univariante. Resultados: A través de las fases de entrenamiento, los niños en el evento de atletismo, mostraron una disminución en circunferencias como cuello, cintura, muslo y pantorrilla de PC-descanso a la fase CP, sin embargo, los jugadores de fútbol masculino mostraron un aumento significativo en el cuello, cintura, muslo, pantorrilla y circunferencias del brazo medio superior (MUAC), junto con el pliegue cutáneo supraespinal. Además, los niños de levantamiento de pesas también exhibieron un aumento significativo en el pecho, MUAC y masa libre de grasa, con una disminución significativa en el bíceps y el pliegue cutáneo supraespinal a través de PC-descanso a la fase CP. En todos los eventos, el porcentaje de grasa corporal fue menor en el grupo atlético y la masa libre de grasa fue mayor en los levantadores de pesas, mientras que los futbolistas mostraron un mayor porcentaje de grasa en la fase de entrenamiento. El MUAC fue mayor en los levantadores de pesas, independientemente de la fase de entrenamiento y el evento. Conclusión: Las características físicas, en particular la circunferencia y la composición corporal, variaron entre los eventos y las fases de entrenamiento; los levantadores de pesas mostraron una mayor mejora en la masa libre de grasa, mientras que los atletas de pista mostraron un menor porcentaje de grasa en la fase de entrenamiento. Se requieren estudios adicionales con conjuntos de datos más amplios para explorar los estándares normativos para los atletas indios.
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