Características antropométricas y fisiológicas de gimnastas artísticos de la selección nacional india: una perspectiva de género
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34256/ijk25113Palabras clave:
Características antropométricas, Gimnasia artística, Género, Perfil fisiológicoResumen
Introducción: La gimnasia artística es un tipo de deporte en el que las características fisiológicas y antropométricas juegan un papel sustancial en el rendimiento, que difiere según el género. Se han realizado varios estudios sobre estos aspectos a nivel internacional, pero muy pocos se han centrado en gimnastas indios. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de nuestro estudio es evaluar y comparar las características antropométricas y fisiológicas de gimnastas artísticos masculinos y femeninos a nivel nacional. Métodos: El estudio se llevó a cabo entre 38 gimnastas (20 hombres y 18 mujeres). Los parámetros antropométricos como la altura, el peso, etc. se midieron de acuerdo con protocolos estándar seguidos por el manual ISAK. Las evaluaciones fisiológicas incluyeron flexibilidad (prueba de sentarse y alcanzar), VO₂max (prueba en cinta rodante con analizador de gases) y potencia anaeróbica (prueba anaeróbica de Wingate). Resultados: Los gimnastas masculinos presentaron valores significativamente mayores de altura (p = 0,005), peso (p = 0,037), masa magra (p = 0,009), VO₂máx (p < 0,001) y potencia máxima (p = 0,006) en comparación con las gimnastas femeninas. Las gimnastas femeninas presentaron un mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal (p = 0,006). La flexibilidad y el IMC no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los sexos. El análisis del tamaño del efecto indicó grandes diferencias en fuerza y capacidad aeróbica/anaeróbica, con un rendimiento superior entre los hombres y las mujeres. Conclusiones: El estudio destaca claras diferencias de género en los perfiles antropométricos y fisiológicos de las gimnastas artísticas indias.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Riya Ghosh, Shreya Sinha, Snehunsu Adhikari
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