Impacto de un entrenamiento de corta duración sobre variables antropométricas, fisiológicas y de condición física en corredores de larga distancia

Autores/as

  • Soumyadip Ghosh Department of Physiology, Midnapore College(Autonomous), Midnapore, West Bengal, India
  • Sayanjyoti Bera Department of Physiology, Midnapore College(Autonomous), Midnapore, West Bengal, India https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6415-2421 (no autenticado)
  • Kingshuk Ghosh Department of Allied Health Science, Manav Rachana International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
  • Pritee Singha Department of Allied Health Science, Manav Rachana International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
  • Atanu Jana Department of Allied Health Science, Manav Rachana International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
  • Indranil Manna Department of Physiology, Midnapore College(Autonomous), Midnapore, West Bengal, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34256/ijk2515

Palabras clave:

Grasa corporal, VO2máx, Potencia anaeróbica, Umbral de lactato, Entrenamiento, Atletas de carrera

Resumen

Introducción: El impacto del entrenamiento estructurado en las variables antropométricas, fisiológicas y de aptitud física de los corredores de larga distancia es crucial para optimizar el rendimiento. Este estudio examina cómo el entrenamiento sistemático influye en parámetros clave como la composición corporal, la eficiencia cardiovascular, la resistencia muscular y la aptitud física general de los corredores de larga distancia. Métodos: Noventa y ocho voluntarios varones sanos entre 18 y 20 años (cuarenta y ocho controles sedentarios y cincuenta corredores de larga distancia) fueron incluidos aleatoriamente de Midnapore, W.B., India. Los voluntarios se sometieron a un chequeo médico realizado por médicos y, en función de su decisión, se excluyeron 10 corredores de larga distancia y 08 sujetos control. El resto se dividió en (i) el Grupo de Control Sedentario (SCG, n = 40) y los Corredores de Larga Distancia (LDR, n = 40). Los corredores de larga distancia recibieron un programa de entrenamiento (4 horas / día, 5 días / semana durante 6 semanas); Los voluntarios del grupo control no recibieron entrenamiento. Las variables antropométricas, de aptitud física y fisiológicas seleccionadas se midieron y analizaron al inicio del entrenamiento (datos iniciales, semana 0) y al final (semana 6) del estudio. Resultados: Se observó un aumento significativo (p<0,05) en el VO2máx, los volúmenes pulmonares, la fuerza, la potencia, la velocidad y la flexibilidad; y una reducción (p<0,05) en la grasa corporal, el tiempo de sprint, la frecuencia cardíaca (en reposo, ejercicio submáximo y recuperación), la presión arterial en reposo y el lactato sanguíneo máximo tras seis semanas de entrenamiento en los corredores de fondo. Conclusión: Los hallazgos destacan la importancia de los programas de entrenamiento especializados para mejorar el rendimiento de los corredores de fondo, mejorando tanto laeficiencia fisiológica como la física.

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Publicado

2025-04-10

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Cómo citar

Ghosh, S., Bera, S., Ghosh, K., Singha, P., Jana, A., & Manna, I. (2025). Impacto de un entrenamiento de corta duración sobre variables antropométricas, fisiológicas y de condición física en corredores de larga distancia. International Journal of Kinanthropometry, 5(1), 43-52. https://doi.org/10.34256/ijk2515