Composición corporal y sus determinantes en varones adultos de la tribu gond de Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34256/ijk2621Palabras clave:
Tribu Gond, Composición Corporal, Grasa Visceral, Antropometría, Factores De Estilo De VidaResumen
Introducción: Las poblaciones tribales de la India están experimentando transiciones nutricionales y de estilo de vida que pueden influir en la composición corporal y aumentar el riesgo de problemas de salud relacionados con la obesidad. Sin embargo, la evidencia sobre la composición corporal y sus determinantes en la tribu Gond sigue siendo limitada. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las tendencias según la edad en variables antropométricas y de composición corporal entre hombres adultos de la tribu Gond, así como examinar la asociación de factores sociodemográficos y de estilo de vida seleccionados con el porcentaje de grasa corporal y el porcentaje de grasa visceral. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal de base comunitaria con 144 hombres adultos Gond (≥18 años) residentes en aldeas tribales seleccionadas del bloque Rehli, distrito de Sagar, Madhya Pradesh (India), durante abril de 2026. Los participantes fueron seleccionados mediante una técnica de muestreo multietápico. La información sobre características sociodemográficas y prácticas de estilo de vida se recopiló a través de entrevistas presenciales utilizando un cuestionario de investigación estructurado y previamente validado. Se obtuvieron mediciones antropométricas incluyendo estatura, peso, índice de masa corporal (IMC), relación cintura-cadera (RCC), relación cintura-estatura (RCE), porcentaje de grasa corporal, porcentaje de grasa subcutánea, porcentaje de grasa visceral y porcentaje de músculo esquelético- siguiendo procedimientos estandarizados. Los datos se analizaron utilizando el software SPSS versión 27. Se aplicaron estadísticas descriptivas, análisis de varianza de una vía (ANOVA), correlación de Pearson y pruebas de chi-cuadrado, considerándose significativa una p < 0,05. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias significativas según la edad en el peso corporal, el porcentaje de grasa subcutánea, el porcentaje de grasa visceral, el porcentaje de músculo esquelético y la RCC. El aumento de la edad se asoció con un incremento progresivo de la grasa visceral y una disminución del porcentaje de músculo esquelético. Los hábitos de estilo de vida, particularmente el consumo de alcohol, el tabaquismo y el uso de *gutkha*, mostraron asociaciones significativas con la acumulación de grasa visceral, mientras que el porcentaje de grasa corporal no presentó una asociación significativa con las variables sociodemográficas o de estilo de vida seleccionadas. Conclusión: Los hallazgos indican que el envejecimiento y los hábitos de estilo de vida poco saludables influyen sustancialmente en la composición corporal de los hombres adultos Gond. La grasa visceral surgió como un indicador más sensible del riesgo de salud relacionado con la obesidad que el IMC por sí solo. La evaluación periódica de la composición corporal y las estrategias de promoción de la salud culturalmente apropiadas, centradas en prácticas de estilo de vida saludable, podrían ayudar a reducir los riesgos futuros para la salud metabólica en esta población tribal.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Chandan Kumar, Ashok Kumar Yadav, Ramendra Nath Kundu
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