Desarrollo y validación de una nueva ecuación antropométrica predictiva para estimar la masa grasa en futbolistas masculinos de élite
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34256/ijk2519Palabras clave:
Antropometría, Composición corporal, Grasa corporal, DXA, Deporte, Pliegues cutáneosResumen
Introducción: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo i) desarrollar y validar una ecuación antropométrica específica para el fútbol que permita predecir la masa grasa (MG) utilizando la absorciometría dual de rayos X (DXA) como método de referencia; ii) evaluar el rendimiento de las ecuaciones predictivas existentes específicas para el fútbol. Métodos: Ochenta futbolistas varones (edad 24,4 ± 5,4 años, IMC 23,7 ± 1,2 kg/m²) que participaban en la primera división italiana se sometieron a mediciones antropométricas y una DXA durante la temporada. Los participantes se dividieron en grupos de desarrollo y validación. El grupo de validación regresó para una segunda evaluación tres meses después y se incluyó en un análisis de validez longitudinal. Resultados: El modelo mejor desarrollado fue: FM (kg) = -9,905 + (suma de pliegues cutáneos de tríceps, cresta ilíaca, abdominal y muslo anterior (mm) × 0,175) + (circunferencia del muslo (cm) × 0,258) - (etnia × 1,577) - (edad (años) × 0,068), R2 = 0,73, error estándar de estimación (SEE) = 1,01 kg, donde la etnia es 1 para negro y 0 para blanco. La validación transversal mostró valores de r2 que van desde 0,71 a 0,72 con SEE igual a 0,80 kg y 0,86 kg para la línea base y la segunda evaluación, respectivamente. Los coeficientes de correlación de concordancia (CCC) fueron 0,84 al inicio y 0,86 en la segunda visita. El análisis de concordancia no mostró sesgo medio en ningún momento (p > 0,05) y límites de concordancia (LdA) inferiores al 95 %, que oscilaron entre -1,5 kg y 1,8 kg. La validación longitudinal demostró una alta precisión tanto a nivel grupal (r² = 0,80, SEE = 0,37 kg, CCC = 0,90) como individual (sesgo medio = 0,04 kg, LdA del 95 % = -0,7 kg a 0,8 kg, r = 0,117). Por el contrario, la MG estimada a partir de las ecuaciones predictivas existentes difirió de la DXA en todas las evaluaciones transversales y longitudinales, mostrando una menor precisión en comparación con la nueva ecuación. Conclusiones: Este estudio presenta una nueva ecuación predictiva específica para el fútbol basada en cuatro pliegues cutáneos y un perímetro, lo que permite una evaluación válida y específica del deporte de la MG a lo largo de la temporada competitiva.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Francesco Campa, Alessio Rossi, Giulia Martera, Athos Trecroci, Tindaro Bongiovanni
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